Module 7

1.Which fashion magazine has been the longest-lasting and most successful in the world? Give the details of the history of the magazine.
Answer:



Vogue, founded in the US in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful of the hundreds of fashion magazines.
Vogue was founded as a weekly publication by Arthur Baldwin Turnure in 1892. When he died in 1909, Condé Nast picked it up and slowly began growing the publication. The first change Nast made was that Vogue appeared every two weeks instead of weekly. Nast also went overseas in the early 1910s.

2.Why is the name of the British fashion designer Mary Quant relevant in the history of fashion? Illustrate.

Answer:
Because she is one of the many designers who took credit for inventing the miniskirt and hot pants.


3.What does the term 'haute couture' refer to? Who was the first fashion designer to introduce the term? Which French fashion designer is considered to be one of the most chic in haute couture?

Answer:

Haute couture refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing. Haute couture is made to order for a specific customer, and it is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques.
The first fashion designer to introduce the term was Charles Frederick Worth

Christian Marie Marc Lacroix is considered to be one of the most chic in haute couture.

4.What is the function of buttons on jacket sleeves and where has this custom come from? Illustrate.

Centuries of Use

Buttons on suit jacket sleeves can be viewed, alternately, as a blessing or a curse. Men who dress meticulously prefer suit jackets with functioning buttons at the cuff. But the suits most men wear have buttons on the sleeves that are purely decorative.

Form Over Function

The Manhattan-based custom tailor and menswear historian Alan Flusser traces suit sleeve buttons as far back as 225 years ago, to the reign of Prussia's Frederick the Great. The buttons would "encourage (soldiers) to use their shirt cuffs instead of jackets sleeves as handkerchiefs," Flusser wrote. Many modern menswear dictates are rooted in military decorum and convenience.

Buttons' Appeal Lost

When mass-production practices took hold in the 20th century, jackets with functioning buttons on the sleeves fell out of favor. They were once known widely as "surgeon's cuffs" that could be unbuttoned and rolled up so doctors could wash up as high as their wrists.

Poking Holes in Functioning Buttons

Jackets with functioning buttons on the sleeves come at a price. Tailors say they present problems when it comes to alterations.

Nip-and-Tuck Nightmare

Having a jacket tucked in at the shoulders could raise the sleeve buttons too high. Shortening jacket sleeves at the cuff drops the buttons too low. If there's any advantage to jackets with buttons that don't open and close, it's that they're easily replaced

5.How did the women's wigs look like in the eighteenth-century England? Illustrate.
Answer:

In eighteenth-century England, women's wigs were sometimes 4 feet high. These remarkable headdresses were dusted with flour and decorated with Stuffed birds, replicas of gardens, plates of fruit, or even model ships. Sometimes the wigs were so elaborate they were worn continuously for several months. They were matted with lard to keep them from coming apart, which made mice and insects a constant hazard. Special pillows had to be constructed to hold these giant creations, and rat-resistant caps made of gilt wire were common items. Mercifully, the wig craze died out quite suddenly in England in 1795, when a hair-powder tax made their upkeep too expensive.

6.What makes an item vintage? Examples.
Vintage item is a generic term for new or second hand garments originating from a previous era. The phrase is also used in connection with a retail outlet, e.g. vintage item store.

7.What is a 'brassiere '? What is a 'negligee'? History? Illustrate.
brassiere is an article of clothing that covers, supports, and elevates the breasts. Since the late 19th century, it has replaced the corset as the most widely accepted method for supporting a woman's breasts. Bras are these days worn by women in almost all parts of the world
negligee is a form of womenswear intended for wear at night and in the bedroom. It is a form of nightgown; first introduced in France in the 18th-century, where it mimicked the heavy head-to-toe style of women's day dresses of the time.
8.Describe the history of perfumes. When and where were the perfumes first used?
Answer:
The word perfume used today derives from the Latin "per fumus", meaning through smoke. Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt and was further refined by the Romans and Persians.

Although perfume and perfumery also existed in India, much of its fragrances are incense based. The earliest distillation of Attar was mentioned in the Hindu Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita. The Harshacharita, written in 7th century A.D. in Northern India mentions use of fragrant agarwood oil.

The world's first recorded chemist is considered to be a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the sShe distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the still several times.

Recently, archaeologists have uncovered what are believed to be the world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus. The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years. The perfumes were discovered in an ancient perfumery. At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were found in the 43,000-square-foot (4,000 m²) factory In ancient times people used herbs and spices, like almond, coriander, myrtle,conifer resin , bergamot, as well as flowers.

9.Who is the top model ranked 15 among Top Icon models? Give a short biography of the model.

Answer:

Carmen Kass is the top model ranked 15 among Top Icon models.

Kass was born in Tallinn, Estonia and grew up in Paide, the capital of Järva County. Kass moved to Paris at the age of eighteen and soon received exposure by appearing on the covers of French and American Vogue, Australian Elle, UK Image, Madame Figaro, and French Numéro.

10.What is the name of the company, which first started to produce denim jeans? When and where?

Levi was the company first started to produce denim jeans.

First jean was made in USA in 1872.